Pollination In Plants

Pollination can occur with a variety of intermediaries:a. Intermediary called anemogami wind, can occur when the powder grains is very lightweight, small and dry.     Example: the pine, resin, grass.b. Intermediary called hidrogami water.     Example: on water plants.c. Intermediary called zoogami animals.    When insects  = entomogami    bird  = ornitogami    snail =  malakogami    bat = kiroptorogamid. Human intermediaries called antropogami.    Example: The pollination of Vanilla in Indonesia.
According to the origin of pollen, pollination can be divided into four:a. Autogami (self-pollinating)    Pollen from one flower each. If there is not yet blooming flowers at the time called kleistogami.b. Geitonogami (pollinated neighbors)    When pollen from other flowers that are in a tree (one individual).c. Alogami (cross pollination)    When pollen from another tree that flowers are still one species.
Sometimes there is a failure of pollination and in some plant species may not occur autogami. The causes are as follows:a. Dikogami: When the cooking time the pistil and pollen are not the same, this is because:     1. Ripe pollen earlier than the stigma .... (protandri).          Example ....: celery, onion, corn     2. Mature earlier than the pistil pollen .... (protogini).b. Didesious: If on one species, male and female genitalia separate    Example: The bark and melinjo (Gnetum Arremon)c. Heterostili: If the length of the stalk stalk stamen and pistil are not the same and different.     Example: coffee, quinine, and the glass plate.d. Herkogami: If the form does not allow interest rates to fall pollen to the stigma.     Example: vanilla
Pollination and Fertilization ProcessPollen grain / pollen on the stigma attached = >  reed powder form (2 nucleus, the vegetative nucleus and generative nucleus) walk toward the micropyle (the door institute bladder) generative nucleus divides => two sperm nuclei to the micropyle, dead vegetative nucleus => one sperm to fertilize the egg nucleus => embryos. One other sperm nuclei fertilize the endosperm nucleus => sister agencies (food reserves for the embryo).Because fertilization takes place two times the conception in Angiospermae called double fertilization.Embryo at a certain seed plants can be formed for several reasons. namely: 
1. Through the fusion of sperm and ovum (amfimiksis)2. Not through the fusion of sperm and ovum (apomiksis), which can be divided into:     a. Apogami: the embryo is formed from the biological institute. For example: of the synergids and antipodes.     b.Partenogenesis: the embryo is formed from an unfertilized egg.     c. Adventitious embryo: an embryo is formed from cells nuselus, namely the addition to the biological institute.
 
Amfimiksis Apomiksis and may occur simultaneously, it will form more than one embryo in the seed, called poliembrioni. This event is often found in jackfruit, oranges and mangoes